Comparative Analysis of Metformin and Empagliflozin in Male Wistar Rats with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2025.15.1.1006Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease has been identified as one of the greatest challenges faced by global public health. It is very important to highlight that T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus) is an important driver of Chronic Kidney Disease, and its number is increasing due to this causative relationship.
Objective: To determine the differences in the effectiveness of Metformin and Empagliflozin on kidney function in the different stages of chronic kidney disease development without diabetes in male Wistar rats.
Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 54 male Wistar rats were included in this study. The rats were housed under standardized environmental conditions. Metformin and Empagliflozin were fed daily orally by gavage, with dosages determined according to the dosage adjustment principles for kidney failure. Rats were randomly distributed into three groups, including a control group. The study employed serum creatinine levels, as well as creatinine clearance, to ascertain kidney function. The study spread over nine weeks and ended with integrity being approached.
Results: Serum creatinine levels showed a decrease in Metformin groups for a duration of 4 and 5 weeks, which is different from the moderate impact of Empagliflozin exposure. Creatinine clearance showed an appreciable increase in the Metformin groups, which is remarkable evidence of its nephroprotective properties. Empagliflozin yet produced less effect.
Conclusion: The study reports that the low-dose Metformin (200 mg/kg) has the potential to manage Chronic Kidney diseases in male Wistar rats, mainly when applied for a longer duration. Significant differences in functional outcomes amongst the patients were ascertained, though empagliflozin did not meet statistical significance.
Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease, Empagliflozin, Kidney Function, Metformin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
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