Cervical Metastasis in Patients with Gingivo-Alveolar Complex Squamous Cell Carcinoma- A Cross Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.4.872Abstract
Background: The aggressive nature of squamous cell carcinoma is evident due to early bone invasion and metastasis, which are crucial factors influencing prognosis in cancer patients.
Objective: To assess cervical metastasis among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the gingivo-alveolar complex.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the gingivo-alveolar complex were confirmed through incisional/excisional biopsy under local/general anesthesia. Grading was performed in the same laboratory to prevent bias. Comprehensive histories were taken, followed by clinical examinations to palpate cervical lymph nodes across all levels. All patients were advised to undergo CT scans for occult nodal metastasis. The Chi-Square test was used to analyze the association of lymph node involvement and metastasis with age and gender.
Results: Of total 114 (81.4%) were males, and 26 (18.6%) were females, with a mean age of 52.7±10.24 years. Level I was the most common presenting stage, observed in 64 (45.71%) of OSCC cases, followed by combined level I & II and level I-IV in 9.29% and level II in 2.14% of cases. Lymph node involvement was absent (no metastasis) in 32.14% of cases. Males showed higher lymph node involvement at each level compared to females, with statistically insignificant age-wise differences. Metastasis was observed in more than half of the cases, with the mandible (76.6%) being more commonly affected than the maxilla (23.6%).
Conclusion: Cervical metastasis is more frequently seen in the mandible, primarily extending up to level I, and is more common in males.
Keywords: Cervical metastasis, Lymph nodes, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Stages of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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