Comparison between Smokers and Non-Smokers receiving Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Male Patients at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.4.887Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory ailment, significantly impacts dental stability. Smoking has been identified as a critical risk factor, exacerbating periodontal disease severity and impeding treatment efficacy.
Objective: To compare gingival health of non-surgical periodontal therapy between smokers and non-smokers, measuring specific outcomes such as plaque index reduction, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level improvements.
Materials and Methods: This observational cohort study was carried over six-month duration. A total of 133 male subjects, aged 32- to 51-years, with chronic periodontitis were recruited. They were divided into smokers (n=65) and non-smokers (n=68). The major criterion for selection of both cohorts was a history of cigarette smoking. The study was conducted in three phases: baseline periodontal evaluations and follow-up evaluations at three and six months. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring critical indicators of periodontal health: the presence of dental plaque, calculus, and gingival bleeding on probing and reduction in clinical attachment levels.
Results: Non-smoker experienced a reduction in the plaque index from 2.1 ± 0.5 at baseline to 1.6 ± 0.3 at 6 months, p--0.005. However, smokers 2.4 ± 0.6 to 2.0 ± 0.4 experienced, if verified using this penultimate way it is p-0.018. Similarly, the bleeding index in non-smokers dropped from 2.9±0.6 down to 2.3 ± 0.3 (p-0.005), while smokers experienced this change 3.2±0.7 to 2.7±0.5 (p=0.018). Moreover, loss of attachment became better in non-smokers averaged 3.2±0.7 mm before and 2.7±0.5 mm after treatment (p-0.005), On the other hand an improvement was made while this could only be seen by smoking patients.
Conclusion: Smoking significantly impedes the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy. The findings reinforce the need for smoking cessation to enhance treatment outcomes in periodontitis patients.
Keywords: Bleeding Index, Loss of Attachment, Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy, Non-Smokers, Periodontal Disease, Plaque Index, Smoking.
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