Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Children with Thalassemia Major
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2024.14.2.302Keywords:
copper, zinc, thalassemiaAbstract
Background: Thalassemia is a frequent hereditary genetic with different clinical manifestations from mild to severe based on its genetic. Beta thalassemia major is the worse form of this disease caused by decreased or absent beta globin chains of hemoglobin. Regular blood transfusion is the main aim leads to iron overload and deposition of iron in different organs.
Objectives: To determine different serum distribution levels and correlation of copper and zinc in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients
Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a non-probability convenient sampling technique was used for sample collection. This study was conducted in KPK in a total of 137 patients, who were diagnosed cases of thalassemia major by hemoglobin electrophoresis, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and receiving iron and folate therapy. SPSS version 22 was used and Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied. P-value 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In this study mean age was 6.7±3.49 years. 77 (56%) percent children were male while 64 (44%) children were female. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 7.43±1.3 gm/dl. Mean SGPT score was 26.28 ± 7.51. Mean blood urea was 21.10 ± 8.49 mmol/l while mean serum creatinine level was 0.56 ± 0.26 mg/dl. Mean serum zinc level was 13.36 ± 11.12mg/dl while mean serum copper level was 1.21± 0.60 mg/dl and mean serum ferritin level was 6682 ± 533 Ug/l.
Conclusion: This study showed hypozincemia in thalassemia major patients, but copper deficit was not present. There was no substantial variance between serum ferritin level and mean serum concentration of zinc and copper in this study. Ancillary assessments in this respect is recommended.
Keywords: Copper, Thalassemia, Zinc
References
Bhattacharya PT, Misra SR, Hussain M. Nutritional aspects of essential trace elements in oral health and disease: an extensive review. Scientifica 2019;7(10):16-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5464373
De Sanctis V, Kattamis C, Canatan D, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Karimi M, et al. â-Thalassemia Distribution in the Old World: an Ancient Disease Seen from a Historical Standpoint. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2017;9(1):2017-018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4084/MJHID.2017.018
Harteveld CL, Achour A, Arkesteijn SJ, Ter Huurne J, Verschuren M, Bhagwandien-Bisoen S, et al. The hemoglobinopathies, molecular disease mechanisms and diagnostics. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology 2022;44(22):28-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13885
Al-fatlawi AC, AlSafi WG. Hematological study of some blood parameters for B-thalassemia major patients and effect on their fertility. In AIP Conference Proceedings 2020;6(7):223-344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027473
Bhattacharya PT, Misra SR, Hussain M. Nutritional Aspects of Essential Trace Elements in Oral Health and Disease: An Extensive Review. Scientifica (Cairo) 2018;56(76):5464-373.
Shadab GH, Afzal M. Lead and zinc interactions an influence of zinc over lead related toxic manifestations. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 2021;9(6);64:126702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126702
Banihashem, AB, Ghahramanlu, EL, Tavallaie. Serum zinc and copper concentrations in patients with Beta-thalassemia major. Trace Elements and Electrolytes 2013;6(30):108-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5414/TEX01264
Abdul-RedhaIsmaiel M. Relationship between oxidative stress and the blood iron concentration and antioxidant status in major ß-thalassemia in Iraq. Archives of Razi Institute 2022;8(2);77(1):187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22092/ARI.2021.356536.1863
Al-Samarrai AH, Adaay MH, Al-Tikriti KA, Al-Anzy MM. Evaluation of some essential element levels in thalassemia major patients in Mosul district, Iraq. Saudi Med J 2018;29(1):94-97. PMID: 18176681
Saeidnia M, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Erfani M, Fazeli P, Tamaddon G, Karimi M. The effect of curcumin on serum copper, zinc, and zinc/copper ratio in patients with â-thalassemia intermedia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Annals of Hematology 2020 Mar;100:627-33. Iran J Pediatr. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00277-021-04397-z
Jaffri SA, Irfan SM, Sultan S, Usman SM, Nadeem S. Bone Mineral Density among adolescent's patients with â-thalassemia major. Adv Hematol 2021;20(16):5437-609. Int. j. endorsing health sci.res.
Nasr MR, Ali S, Shaker M, El Gabry E. Antioxidant micronutrients in children with thalassaemia in Egypt. EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2016;6(7):490-495. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/119190
Goldfarb AW, Rachmilewitz EA, Eisenberg S. Abnormal low and high density lipoproteins in homozygous beta-thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 2018;79(3):4816. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08059.x
Kassab-Chekir A, Laradi S, Ferchichi S, Haj Khelil A, Feki M, Amri F, et al. Oxidant, antioxidant status and metabolic data in patients with beta-thalassemia. Clin Chim Acta 2018;338(12):7986. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cccn.2003.07.010
Ikram N, Hassan K, Younas M, Amanat S. Ferritin Levels in Patients of Beta Thalassaemia Major 2014;2(2):71-4. https://jpathology.com/index.php/OJS/article/view/23
Mortazavi P, Darvish-Khezri M, Hessami A, Abounoori M, Kheirandish A, Falegari F, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in â-thalassemia Major Patients in the North of Iran: Mazandaran â-thalassemia Registry-2017 to 2019. Tabari Biomedical Student Research Journal 2021;7(7):14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/tbsrj.v3i1.6171
Elkhidir IH, Ali SS, Ali WK, Madani HR, Basheir RA, Altayeb RM et al. Magnesium, and Copper Levels in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Avicenna Journal of Medicine 2022 Apr;12(02):045-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1749612
Ghone RA, Kumbar KM, Suryakar AN, Katkam R V, Joshi NG. Oxidative stress and disturbance in antioxidant balance in beta thalassemia major. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018;23(4):337-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-008-0074-7
Samal P, Mohanty J, Das S, Routray SP. Serum Lipid Profiles of Patients Having Beta-Thalassemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology 2021;131(1):14250-7. https://annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/4573
Þahin A, Er EÖ, Öz E, Yýldýrmak ZY, Bakýrdere S. Sodium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, copper, and zinc in serums of beta thalassemia major patients. Biological Trace Element Research 2021:7(3);199:888-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02217-5
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 The authors retain the copyrights. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their website), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as greater citation of published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Readers may “Share-copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format” and “Adapt-remix, transform, and build upon the material”. The readers must give appropriate credit to the source of the material and indicate if changes were made to the material. Readers may not use the material for commercial purpose. The readers may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
