Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients who Sustained Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of various cardiovascular risk factors. Patients having Metabolic syndrome in association with ischemic heart disease tend to have more comorbidities and worse hospital course. 
Objective: To assess the frequency of metabolic syndrome among patients who sustained acute myocardial infarction without prior history of acute coronary events.

Marerial and Methods: This was a crossectional descriptive study, conducted after ethical approval from institutional research board and ethical committee, at cardiology department of Qazi Hussain Ahmad medical complex Nowshera from 5th August 2020 st to 20th March 2021. Patients presenting with 1 ever episode of acute myocardial infarction were recruited into the study.  195 patients were recruited into the present study using WHO sample size calculator. 

Results: Among 195 patients with acute MI, 58.5% (n=114) had metabolic syndrome. Frequency of metabolic syndrome increased with increasing age (57.8% vs 31.5% vs 10.5%; p=0.043). There was a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension (32.5% vs 67.5%; p=0.017), diabetes (35.9% vs 64.1%; p=0.027), elevated plasma triglycerides (30.7% vs 69.3%; p=0.047), low HDL cholesterol (36.8% vs 63.2%; p=0.003) and abdominal obesity (28.9% vs 71.1%; p=0.001) among the group of acute MI patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to those who had no metabolic syndrome. The difference in the frequency of MetS among male and females (59.6% vs 41.4%; p=0.56) was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: Among patients who had sustained acute MI, 58.5% (n=114) patients were found to have Metabolic Syndrome.
Key Words: Abdominal obesity, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease.