Three-Dimensional CBCT Assessment of the Morphological Relationship Between Maxillary Central Incisors and the Incisive Canal Across Different Skeletal Malocclusions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2026.16.2.1283Abstract
Background: Accurate assessment of the anatomical relationship between the maxillary central incisors (MCI) and the incisive canal (IC) is essential in orthodontic treatment planning to prevent complications such as root resorption, dehiscence, and fenestration.
Objective: To evaluate the morphology of the incisive canal and its spatial relationship with maxillary central incisor roots using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) across different skeletal malocclusion patterns, with additional assessment of gender differences.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included CBCT scans of 84 subjects (43 males, 41 females) aged 15–45 years. Participants were categorized into Class I, II, and III skeletal groups based on ANB angle. Parameters assessed included incisive canal length (ICL), canal width at three levels, angular measurements (θ1, θ2, θ3), and distances (Dr, Dmid, Do) between the MCI root and the IC. Non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis) were applied for statistical comparisons.
Results: A statistically significant difference in ICL was observed between genders (p < 0.05), with males exhibiting greater canal length than females. No significant gender differences were found in other parameters. Across all skeletal malocclusion groups, the shortest distance between the MCI root and IC was consistently observed at the oral level (Do), followed by the middle (Dmid) and nasal (Dr) levels. No statistically significant differences were identified among skeletal groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The incisive canal exhibits significant gender-based variation in length, while its spatial relationship with maxillary central incisors remains consistent across skeletal malocclusions. The closest proximity at the oral level highlights a potential risk zone during orthodontic tooth movement. CBCT evaluation is recommended for accurate assessment in treatment planning.
Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, Incisive canal, Maxillary central incisor, Root resorption.
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