Significant Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury- A Case Control Study

Abstract

Background: Acute Kidney injury(AKI) is one of the common diseases that's affect more than 13 million people annually. Diabetes
mellitus, hypertension, upper respiratory tract infection, septic shock and nephrotoxic agents are significant risk factors for Acute
Kidney Injury.
Material and Methods: This case control study was doneon 200 urinary tract infected (UTI). The inclusion criteria for cases were
patients with Acute Kidney Injury age above 15 years, both genders, diagnosed urinary tract infection. Controls were similar to
cases except without Acute Kidney Injury. Demographics and risk factors for Acute Kidney Injury were recorded. We use Student t
test compare continuous variable. For categorical variables we used Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was carried
using Acute Kidney Injury as dependent variable and risk factors as independent variables. P=0.05 was considered significant.
Objectives: To determine significant risk factors for acute kidney injury.
Results: The male were 87(43.5%) and female were 113(56.5%). The mean age of the study was 45.19±16.2 years. The
frequency of diabetes mellitus (P=.008), hypertension (P<.001), upper respiratory tract infection (P=.030), septic shock (P=.011)
and nephrotoxic agents (P=.013) were more in cases than controls and results were statistically significant. Positive association
was found for Acute Kidney Injury with increasing age (OR=1.06; 95% CI=1.017, 1.105), serum creatinine (OR=5.9; 95% CI=2.85,
12.55). There was negative association between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Acute Kidney Injury (OR=0.92; 95%
CI=0.888, 0.953).
Conclusion: After controlling confounding factors through multivariate analysis the increasing age, serum creatinine and low GFR
were significant risk factor for acute kidney injury.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury, risk factors, urinary tract infection, serum creatinine