Statistics for Basic Cross-Sectional Data Analysis in SPSS

Authors

  • Muzammil Ahmad Shah Swat Medical College, Swat, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ayub Khan Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2025.15.2.1068

Abstract

This short communication provides an overview of statistics for basics cross-sectional data analysis using SPSS software. It covers various types of data, including categorical and scale variables, association, correlation and outlines their analysis methods in SPSS. Additionally, strategies for handling missing values within datasets and procedures for transforming scale variables into categorical ones are discussed. By summarizing these key aspects, this communication aims to equip researchers with foundational knowledge essential for conducting descriptive analyses using SPSS.

References

Mishra P. Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of cardiac anaesthesia. 2019 Jan 1;22(1): 67-72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18

Kannan S, Dongare PA, Garg R, Harsoor SS. Describing and displaying numerical and categorical data. Airway. 2019 May 1;2(2):64-70. https://doi.org/10.4103/ARWY.ARWY_24_19

Figueiredo MA, Oliveira C. Distinguishing cause from effect on categorical data: The uniform channel model. InConference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. 2023 Aug 10:122-41. PMLR. PMLR 213:122-141, 2023

Thakur AJ. Data Presentation: Use of Tables and Graphics. InTapping the Power of PowerPoint for Medical Posters and Presentations. 2022 Jun 8:65- 81. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1816-2_8

In J, Lee S. Statistical data presentation. Korean journal of anesthesiology. 2017 May 19;70(3):26. https://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.2017.70.3.267

George D, Mallery P. Descriptive statistics. InIBM SPSS Statistics 25 Step by Step 2018 Oct 16:126- 34. Routledge.

Vierra A, Razzaq A, Andreadis A. Categorical variable analyses: chi-square, Fisher Exact, and mantel–haenszel. InTranslational Surgery. 2023 Jan 1:171-5. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90300-4.00095-1

Nowacki A. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Cleve Clin J Med. 2017 Sep 1;84(9 suppl 2): e20-5.

Baak M, Koopman R, Snoek H, Klous S. A new correlation coefficient between categorical, ordinal and interval variables with Pearson characteristics. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis. 2020 Dec 1; 152:107043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2020.107043

Additional Files

Published

10-05-2025

How to Cite

1.
Shah MA, Khan MA. Statistics for Basic Cross-Sectional Data Analysis in SPSS. J Saidu Med Coll [Internet]. 2025 May 10 [cited 2025 Jun. 12];15(2):290-4. Available from: http://jsmc.pk/index.php/jsmc/article/view/1068